His father, Isaac Flagler, was a Presbyterian minister. [52] A spouse's mental incapacity was later restored by the legislature as a grounds for dissolution of marriage, and remains the law of Florida today. Henry started spending a great deal more time in Florida, soon claiming the state as his permanent residence. So, when sources from the time period say that Ida Alice Shourds Flagler was insane, one must look closely and think critically. [62], Flagler was entombed in the Flagler family mausoleum at Memorial Presbyterian Church in St. Augustine alongside his first wife, Mary Harkness; daughter, Jenny Louise; and granddaughter, Marjorie. During the Gilded Age, this new class of robber barons like Flagler, Rockefeller, Carnegie, and Vanderbilt were shaking up American society. Henry and Mary had two Carrie died at age three. The visionary widow from Ohio bought hundreds of acres at what is now Downtown Miami, moved down on a barge, and eventually convinced railroad man Henry Flagler to extend his new railway to the Miami River by sending him an unusual package. [citation needed]. After their wedding, the couple traveled to Saint Augustine. Because he was famous and successful and he made a lot of things in Florida. In 1877, Flagler and his family moved to New York City, which was becoming the center of commerce in the U.S.. [8] By 1872, it led the American oil refining industry, producing 10,000 barrels per day (1,600m3/d). By 1880, according to the New York World, Standard Oil was "the most cruel, impudent, pitiless, and grasping monopoly that ever fastened upon a country. As elated as the couple was to meet their first and only son, her condition made planning for Harry's future feel disturbingly somber. The Paris Rothschilds jumped into the fray providing financing. He was also a key figure in the development of the Atlantic coast of Florida and founder of what became the Florida East Coast Railway. He is also known as a founder of the cities of Miami and Palm Beach, Florida. Flagler divorced Shourds in 1901 and just 10 days later married Mary Lily Kenan. Throughout it all, Mary was made to brave her condition without her husband, who had taken to staying at the Buckingham Hotel in New York, completely immersed in the business of Standard Oil. [22] Despite improving the quality and availability of kerosene products while greatly reducing their cost to the public (the price of kerosene dropped by nearly 80% over the life of the company), Standard Oil's business practices created intense controversy. In March, he stepped down from that post but will . One of the grain brokers Due to the harsh working and living conditions in the railway construction camps, many workers became victims of debt slavery. If Smith could raise $50,000, Flagler would invest $150,000 and they would build a hotel together. Harry and Annie's daughter Jean Louise Flagler made Palm Beach a large part of her life. HENRY FLAGLER "Father of Florida" American Industrialist Early Days was born on January 2, 1830 in Hopewell, New York, raised in a. After his first wife's death, Flagler developed a . Soon after, though, Mary and Harry followed. By the end of this field trip, we hope will you have an understanding of who Henry Flagler was, and the great impact he had on the state of Florida! Barely any of Ida Alice's personal writings have survived, so there is a major piece of the puzzle missing. In fact, after completing the eighth grade, he decided to leave home and went to Ohio to find his fortune. July, 1975. pg. On the condition that Anderson get the city's streets paved, Henry Flagler agreed to buy a portion of that land. Gainesville, FL. Melbert Cary died in 1941, and after his death Mary continued to divide her. He found that salt mining required more technical knowledge than he had and struggled in the industry during the Civil War. His grandson Solomon changed the spelling of the surname to Flagler and passed it on to his 11 children. A major New York refiner, Charles Pratt and Company, headed by Charles Pratt and Henry H. Rogers, led the opposition to this plan, and railroads soon backed off. There, they were both given work by Lamon Harkness, who was the brother of Dan's late father. Many people were curious about Henry Flagler's decision to launch a new business venture during his twilight years. When asked by the president of Rollins College in Winter Park about his philanthropic efforts, Flagler reportedly replied, "I believe this state is the easiest place for many men to gain a living. Mrs. Because Henry Flagler had not yet claimed Florida as his own, Savannah, Georgia was considered to be the last bastion of civilization on the East Coast. This was the case for many wealthy men during the Civil War, including Henry's future business partner, John D. Rockefeller. The Washington Post. After finishing the eighth grade at fourteen, Henry followed his half-brother Dan to Ohio. If you stroll through the area of St. Augustine immediately west of downtown, you will experience the extraordinary influence of New Yorker Henry Morrison . Flagler completed the 1,100-room Royal Poinciana Hotel on the shores of Lake Worth in Palm Beach and extended his railroad to its service town, West Palm Beach, by 1894, founding Palm Beach and West Palm Beach. The couple had two daughters, Jennie Louise, born in 1855, and Carrie, born in 1858. He was even given permission to use the coquina quarry on Anastasia Island to source materials for his state-of-the-art hotels. Even more critical, the invention of the light bulb gradually began to erode the dominance of kerosene for illumination. First A Little On Henry Flagler. For the train, see, Alleged use of convict leasing and debt peonage, Martin, p. 56, quoting Edwin Lefevre, in "Flagler and Florida" from, Joe Knetsch, "The Peonage Controversy and the Florida East Coast Railway,", University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, "Madoff scandal stuns Palm Beach Jewish community", "292: Colonel Joseph D. Potts Leader in the Pennsylvania on LiveAuctioneers", "The Story of Convict Leasing in Florida", "Statutes & Constitution :View Statutes: Online Sunshine", "Slavery Revisited: Peonage in the South", "How slave labor built the state of Florida decades after the Civil War", "Abstracts of Reports of the Immigration Commission, Vol II", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Henry_Flagler&oldid=1125174074, Jennie Louise (March 18, 1855 March 25, 1889), Knetsch, Joe. Henry Morrison Flagler (January 2, 1830 May 20, 1913) was an American industrialist and a founder of Standard Oil. In 1853, young Henry followed suit when Lamon Harkness' middle daughter, Mary, became his first wife. By 1849, Flagler was promoted to the sales staff at a salary of $40 per month. 0:58. Education However, the boom did not last. Keys, L. (2015) Hotel Ponce de Leon: The Rise, Fall, and Rebirth of Flagler's Gilded Age Palace. During the early 1880s, Flagler outsourced the care of young Harry to his half-sister Carrie and daughter Jennie Louise. At last in 1911, the Supreme Court of the United States found Standard Oil Company of New Jersey in violation of the Sherman Antitrust Act. The National Petroleum Exchange opened in Manhattan in late 1882 to facilitate the oil futures trading. 2. [25] The public and the press were immediately suspicious of this new legal entity, and other businesses seized upon the idea and emulated it, further inflaming public sentiment. "1892-A Year of Crucial Decisions in Florida", This page was last edited on 2 December 2022, at 15:49. Over the course of her marriage to Henry Flagler, Ida Alice Shourds is reported to have begun displaying unstable behavior she was rumored to have a temper, and her fondness for lavish parties and attention did not go unnoticed by Gilded Age Society. Perhaps Henry Flagler already planned that he would need a physician to confirm his wife suffered from insanity. Rockefeller. He married his second wife, Miss Ida Shrouds, the daughter of a Philadelphia minister, in 1883. [34] Although her work prompted a huge backlash against the company, Tarbell claims to have been surprised at its magnitude. Dazzled by the prospect of tremendous wealth and supported by his father-in-law, Flagler followed the smell of money to Michigan. Perhaps those years after the Civil War were what imbued Flagler with his infamously shrewd business practices. She left the millions she inherited to members of her family and to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. His attention was consumed by the business of his hotel chains and expanding railroad empire. In the early 1900s Flagler, affiliated with John D. Rockefeller in the Standard Oil Company, conceived and oversaw the construction of the Florida Keys Over-Sea Railroad, paving . Flagler gave them the honored center positions in the mausoleum. In January of 1870 at the age of 40, Flagler officially co-founded Standard Oil alongside John D. Rockefeller. 3 episodes. So, the Flagler family (Henry, Mary, little Harry, Jennie, and her first husband, John Arthur Hinckley) spent the winter of 1877-1878 in St. Augustine. Mary was born in Ohio in 1833. Henry Flagler was born on January 2, 1830, in the little village of Hopewell, in upstate New York, to Elizabeth and Isaac Flagler. While many tourists were satisfied with the charms of rural Florida, the appeal quickly wore off for the Flaglers, Henry specifically. He also built the Alcazar Hotel as an overflow hotel for the Ponce de Leon Hotel. Flagler also worked as a grain merchant. It was Henry M. He declined the honor, persuading them to use an old Indian name, "Mayaimi". In 1897, Flagler opened the exclusive Royal Palm Hotel on the north bank of the Miami River where it overlooked Biscayne Bay. Ida. Though Flagler and Rockefeller had long maintained a policy of active silence with the press, they decided to make themselves more accessible and responded with conciliatory comments such as "capital and labor are both wild forces which require intelligent legislation to hold them in restriction. The swamplands south of Savannah were thought of as a dangerous land of rugged enchantment where alligators lurked in the shadows and strange miasme was thought to carry diseases like yellow fever through the damp air. Flagler found the city charming, but the hotel facilities and transportation systems inadequate. Flagler was eighteen years older than his 35-year-old bride. Flagler commissioned the architects and builders of his other St. Augustine buildings to create the Venetian Renaissance Revival style . NY By genealogy.com user October 24, 1999 at 04:39:45. [25] The "trust" was a corporation of corporations, and the entity's size and wealth drew much attention. An incident that is commonly cited as being 'the straw that broke the camel's back' occurred on one of the Flaglers' expensive yachts (of which the couple had many the Alicia was even named after Ida Alice). Henry Morrison Flagler was born on January 2, 1830 in Hopewell, New York, to Reverend and Mrs. Isaac Flagler. If they refused the offer, Flagler and Rockefeller told them they would run them into bankruptcy and then cheaply buy up their assets at auction. [citation needed], Flagler and Rockefeller began a publicity campaign to put the company and themselves in a better light. He was instrumental in stopping an Al-Qaeda attack on the USS Seahawk battlegroup (which the Watertown was a part of). [51] In 1901, Flagler bribed the Florida Legislature and Governor to pass a law that made incurable insanity grounds for divorce, opening the way for Flagler to remarry. Tail tucked in shame, the destitute Flagler family moved back to Ohio in January of 1866. [9], By 1869, there was three times more kerosene refining capacity than needed to supply the market, and the capacity remained in excess for many years. In the early 1880s, Flagler and Rockefeller created one of their most important innovations. Municipal, State, and Federal government officials questioned how many limits they should place on these "Captains of Industry." "[55], Flagler allegedly used convicts leased from Florida prison camps, the majority of them African-American, to clear land for the Royal Palm Hotel in Miami and to build the Florida East Coast Railway from West Palm Beach to Miami and the rail extension to Key West. Rockefeller worked in association with chemist and inventor Samuel Andrews. Smith helped train the masons on the mixing and pouring techniques he used on Zorayda. Flagler also met one Dr. Andrew Anderson, who would almost immediately become a lifelong partner and friend. In an overall calculation of America's oil refineries' assets and capital, Standard Oil surpassed all. The current sanctuary building that is seen today was built in the late 1880s and early 1890s by gracious donations from Henry Morrison Flagler. Several years later, in 1870, their only son, Henry Harkness Flagler, was born. Seven years later he became a senior salesman with a salary of $ 400 per year. Henry Flagler's most monumental accomplishment was realized only a year before he died. [4], After the failure of his salt business in Saginaw, Flagler returned to Bellevue in 1866 and reentered the grain business as a commission merchant with the Harkness Grain Company. As a result, Flagler and Rockefeller and their associates owned dozens of separate corporations, each of which operated in just one state; the management of the whole enterprise was rather unwieldy. That craze mounted when two months later, Flagler filed for divorce in Dade County and was granted such on August 13th, 1901. Zacharra worked in England for several years before moving to Dutchess County, New York, in 1710. This is a major source for this Historical Person Profile highly recommended! Version accessed: St. Augustine, FL: Historic Print & Map Company, 2004. That year he reportedly gave her more than $1 million in jewelry. His personal dedication to the state of Florida was demonstrated when he began construction on his private residence, Kirkside, in St. Augustine. [65] After Flagler's death, she married an old friend, Robert Worth Bingham, who used an inheritance from her to buy the Louisville Courier-Journal newspaper. In fact, the exterior bares a memorial script to his daughter who perished giving birth to his . the Trust and Non-Profit Organization established by Flagler's grand-daughter Jean Flagler Matthews, to preserve Whitehall, has . Dr. George G. Shelton, a graduate of New York's Homeopathic Medical College, was assisted by three nurses when Henry Flagler's daughter Jennie Louise Benedict died in 1889 following post-partum complications while journeying to visit her father on board the yacht Oneida headed to St. Augustine. In 1885 he decided to build a luxury hotel there which would attract the country's elite. He recruited Henry Flagler to join him, and the youth went to Ohio at age 14, where he started work in 1844 at a salary of US$5 per month plus room and board. Indeed, Flagler's second sojourn to St. Augustine went off without a hitch the recently constructed San Marco hotel accommodated him and Ida Alice well, and he found himself to be amongst peers instead of invalids. Having bought land for the hotel, Flagler's goal was to build a pleasure palace and turn St. Augustine, Florida, into a 'Winter Newport'. The accommodation features a satellite TV. After Mary died Henry married her nurse-caregiver, Ida Alice Shourds. Perhaps because of the economic success that Flagler's industries had delivered to the state or perhaps because of direct funding being delivered to individual senators, Flagler was able to convince the legislature to pass a little bill for him in April of 1901. He was a founder of Standard Oil. As a gift to Kenan, Flagler built Whitehall, a 55-room winter getaway in Palm Beach. Carrie died at the age of 3. From there on out, Dr. Anderson was a major supporter and confidant of Henry Flagler, often acting as his business liaison in St. Augustine when Flagler was out of town. [30] Additional fields were discovered in Burma and Java. Sixty miles (97km) south, the area today known as Miami was reportedly unharmed by the freeze. The future "founder" of Florida found St. Augustine to be dirty, depressing, and worst of all boring. Featuring air conditioning, The Henry Flagler offers accommodations in Layton. Their estate was called Kirkside and was built west of the Ponce de Leon property. Day 2 - Flagler Legacy Tour - Flagler's Churches - St. Augustine Distillery - Dinner at Ice Plant Bar This morning after breakfast, meet your local guide for a Flagler Legacy Tour. Sets with similar terms swee1122 This is somewhat my case. (To get a first-hand account of the journey from New York to St. Augustine, visit our page on Constance Fenimore Woolson's article "The Ancient City In Two Parts," which was published in Harper's New Monthly Magazine in 1874.). [33] Ohio was especially vigorous in applying its state anti-trust laws, and finally forced a separation of Standard Oil of Ohio from the rest of the company in 1892, the first step in the dissolution of the trust. Franklin W. Smith had just finished building Villa Zorayda and Flagler offered to buy it for his honeymoon. Resources See more ideas about flagler, key west, florida. As such, the salt industry was tax-exempt during the Civil War and essential employees were exempt from the draft. Castleden, Louise Decatur. They had 3 children: Maud Aiken and 2 other children. After two years of institutionalization and much assessment by the courts, Ida Alice Shourds Flagler was legally ruled incurably insane in 1899. The state provided incentive in the form of 3,840 acres (15.5km2) for every mile (1.6km) of track constructed.[49]. But Standard Oil adapted, developing its own European presence, expanding into natural gas production in the U.S., then into gasoline for automobiles, which until then had been considered a waste product. Last (and perhaps most importantly), the truth is a hard thing to garner when it comes to what happened in the past even harder than it is today. Flagler and Rockefeller eventually prevailed and the railroad sold all its oil interests to Standard. Struck by the tragic loss of his eldest daughter and first granddaughter, Henry Flagler sought solace in his business projects and the council of friends like Dr. Andrew Anderson. He became president of the Symphony Society of New York in 1914 . In 1887, Congress created the Interstate Commerce Commission, which was tasked with enforcing equal rates for all railroad freight, but by then Standard depended more on pipeline transport. Pratt and Rogers became Flagler and Rockefeller's partners. By the end of the 1870s, Standard was refining over 90% of the oil in the U.S.[15], In 1877, Standard clashed with Thomas A. Scott the president of the Pennsylvania Railroad, its chief hauler. Harry Flagler was the only of Henry Flagler's children who outlived their father. Mary Lily outlived her first husband, Henry Flagler and inherited his huge fortune, married again three years later, and died under suspicious circumstances at aged fifty. He was a key figure in the development of the eastern coast of Florida along the Atlantic Ocean and was founder of what became the Florida East Coast Railway.He is known as the father of Miami, Florida. As the 1870s progressed, Henry Flagler, John D. Rockefeller, and their families began to move from Cleveland to New York and back again about twice a year such were the demands of their beloved business. 0:00. VisitStAugustine.com. '"[42] Flagler served as an active part of Standard Oil until 1882, when he stepped back to take a secondary role at Standard Oil. He is known as the father of Miami, Florida and also founded Palm Beach, Florida. Covert, Robert. "Especially since her father would have never stepped foot in the house. [53], On August 24, 1901, 10 days after his divorce, Flagler married Mary Lily at her family's plantation, Liberty Hall, and the couple soon moved into their new Palm Beach estate, Whitehall, a 55-room beaux arts home designed by the New York-based firm of Carrre and Hastings, which also had designed the New York Public Library and the Pan-American Exposition. In 1878, his wife Mary fell ill, and died on May 18, 1881, at age 47, leaving Henry Flagler with a young son to raise alone. He never recovered and died in Palm Beach of his injuries on May 20, 1913 at 83 years of age. Carolina Story: Virtual Museum of University History", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mary_Lily_Kenan_Flagler_Bingham&oldid=1125142626, This page was last edited on 2 December 2022, at 11:49. "The Flagler Pavilion was built across the street at Edgewood for the Flaglers' daughter Elizabeth's 1927 wedding to J. Andrews Harris lll," said Millbrook Historian David Greenwood. As we know, Flagler's business activity in Florida had earned him the attention of the public as well as state officials. When the city was incorporated in 1896, its citizens wanted to honor the man responsible for its growth by naming it "Flagler". Henry B Flagler was born on month day 1836, at birth place, New York, to Thomas Flagler and Rachael M Flagler. Flagler and Rockefeller saw themselves as the industry's saviors, "an angel of mercy" absorbing the weak and making the industry as a whole stronger, more efficient, and more competitive. Knetsch concludes that "Flagler in fact provided health care for his employees and was a far better employer than the press alleged. Rogers, in particular, became one of Flagler and Rockefeller's key men in the formation of the Standard Oil Trust. Though a hard worker, Flagler was widely recognized as a ruthless businessman. Mary Lily Kenan Flagler Bingham was an American philanthropist and heiress who became notorious when she married one of the richest men of the Gilded Age. APA: VisitStAugustine.com. He was the baby of the household, being born several years after the youngest of his siblings. Along with the Ponce de Leon Hotel complex (which included four buildings in total), Flagler was also spending money on the construction of several other projects, including an estate for himself and his second wife, Ida Alice Flagler. Flagler originally intended West Palm Beach to be the terminus of his railroad system, but in 1894 and 1895, severe freezes hit the area, causing Flagler to reconsider. [10] Henry Flagler was seventy-one, whilst his beaming bride was thirty-four. Standard Oil grew to become one of the largest shippers of oil and kerosene in the country. The company expanded into the grain and distillery businesses, and the latter was sold after making considerable money. "[27] Over time foreign competition and new finds abroad eroded his dominance. He was 14 years old, and leaving the home of his parents in Hopewell, N.J., to . To learn more about the history of those buildings, visit the Alcazar Hotel Historical Place profile or the Casa Monica Hotel Historical Place profile on our website. Henry M. Flagler's Florida East Coast Railway, Boynton station Nathan Boynton's winter home - later the Hotel Boynton While Murray and other laborers constructed the two-story wooden structure, the Murray family lived in a canvas tent on the west side of the canal (known today at the inland or Intracoastal Waterway). [citation needed], By the end of the American Civil War, Cleveland was one of the five main refining centers in the U.S. (besides Pittsburgh, New York City, Philadelphia, and the region in northwestern Pennsylvania where most of the oil originated). Donations from Henry Morrison Flagler on January 2, 1830 in Hopewell, New York, to preserve Whitehall has. Worked in association with chemist and inventor Samuel Andrews suffered from insanity 97km... 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